Enhancing Physics Education Through MOOCs-Based Virtual Laboratory Modules: Development, Validation, and Future Directions

Mukarramah Mustari, Universitas Negeri Semarang 
Hartono, Universitas Negeri Semarang
Sunyoto Eko Nugroho, Universitas Negeri Semarang
Sugianto, Universitas Negeri Semarang

 https://doi.org/10.9743/JEO.2025.22.2.5

Abstract

This paper explores the development and evaluation of a MOOCs-based virtual physics measurement laboratory module designed to overcome common barriers in physics education, such as limited physical lab access, high costs, and safety concerns. Utilizing the Borg and Gall Research and Development model, this module integrates structured layouts, comprehensive content, and interactive simulations aligned with the current curriculum to provide a robust virtual learning environment. The development process included extensive validation by content, media, and IT experts to ensure educational effectiveness, user-friendliness, and technical feasibility. Product testing with students showed high feasibility for content quality and media display, though highlighted areas for technical refinement. Despite the module's benefits in accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and safety, challenges such as the lack of tactile experiences and variations in student digital literacy persist. The paper suggests future directions involving advanced technologies like Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance the interactive and immersive aspects of the learning experience. Overall, this study demonstrates the significant potential of virtual laboratories to enhance physics education through innovative educational technology.

Keywords: virtual physics laboratory, MOOCs, educational technology, physics education