Establishing an Instrument to Assess the Influence of Internal and External Factors on Digital Wisdom Among Educators

Girija Ramdas, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Irfan Naufal Umar, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Nurullizam Jamiat, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Brandford Bervell, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Nurul Azni Mhd Alkasirah, Universiti Sains Malaysia

https://doi.org/10.9743/JEO.2026.23.2.1

Abstract

The infiltration of digital technology into all areas of life is increasing, including in education. Teachers are expected to use technology in meaningful ways to educate their students, but exploring meaningful approaches often requires educators to make sound judgments and act wisely in their instructional practices. Therefore, a new instrument was designed to evaluate the internal and external factors influencing digital wisdom among educators. Grounded in a comprehensive framework that encompasses knowledge, attitude, practices, social influence, facilitating conditions, ethics and responsibility, and wisdom, the instrument underwent rigorous validation through expert input, pilot testing, and factor analysis. This instrument contributes not only to the discourse on digital literacy in education, but it also serves as a proven tool that can be useful for teachers, researchers, and policymakers seeking to better understand digital wisdom.

Keywords: digital wisdom, wisdom, teachers, instrumentation, digital technology

*Corresponding Author: girijaram@student.usm.my